A multiscale thermodynamic generalization of Maxwell-Stefan diffusion equations and of the dusty gas model

Highlights • GENERIC description of homogeneous mixtures that flow with multiple independent velocities, several temperatures, and electromagnetic field The is reduced to the case only one momentum (classical irreversible thermodynamics), generalizing Maxwell-Stefan diffusion equations generalised are mechanical equilibrium (no momentum) thus a non-isothermal variant dusty gas model derived temperature difference between constituents identified as possible new source Soret coefficient Despite fact theory has been part non-equilibrium thermodynamics engineering for long time, it far from complete. While well formulated tested in (where diffusion-like processes take place), question how properly describe velocities still possess some inertia (before reached) open. Moreover, can have temperatures before relax common value. In this paper, we derive Hamiltonian mechanics interaction fields. resulting evolution then providing generalization equations. Then, reduce model. These solved numerically, illustrate results on efficiency analysis, showing where concentration cell lost. Finally, identifies coefficient. For sake clarity, restrict presentation binary mixtures; straightforward.